P
- Palindromic number
- Parallel lines
- Parallelogram
- Parentheses
- Parity
- Part-whole model
- Part–whole relationship
- Partial differences
- Partial product
- Partial quotient
- Partial sums
- Partition
- Pattern
- Pentagon
- Percent
- Percent change
- Percent decrease
- Percent increase
- Percentage of a quantity
- Perimeter
- Permutation
- Perpendicular bisector
- Perpendicular lines
- Pi
- Pictogram
- Pictorial representation
- Pie chart
- Pigeonhole principle
- Pint
- Place value
- Plane
- Point
- Population
- Position
- Position-to-term rule
- Positive association
- Positive number
- Pound
- Power
- Power of ten
- Precision
- Pressure
- Primary data
- Prime factorisation
- Prime number
- Probability
- Probability model
- Probability scale
- Probability simulation
- Problem-solving strategy
- Procedure
- Product
- Product rule for counting
- Proof
- Proof by contradiction
- Proper fraction
- Proportion
- Proportional reasoning
- Proportional relationship
- Protractor
- Pythagorean theorem